The stone of innocence, diamond is the one stone everyone knows. Taking its name from the Greek work adamas, meaning unconquerable, it is pure compressed carbon and is the hardest substance know to man so far. First given in an engagement ring in 1470, it has become the traditional symbol of love.

Not a fan of diamonds? Not to worry. Mother of Pearl is also a birthstone for April. Mother of Pearl, also known as Nacre, is actually the smooth lining in the shell of certain types of molluscs. Created by layers of calcium carbonate and crystals, and lustrin, when it is thick enough it can then be cut into gems with a wonderful lusterous quality.

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